闽江河口入侵植物互花米草对短叶茳芏的化感效应          下载免费PDF全文

陈依婷  乔文慧  曾从盛 《应用海洋学学报》2018,37(1):45-52

外来植物入侵问题是当下生态安全和生物多样性的研究热点.研究其入侵机制对制定相应的防控措施具有重要意义.选用外来入侵种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)的根、茎、叶3种构件,分别提取其水浸液为处理液(0.325 g/cm3),通过设置室内模拟实验,揭示其对闽江河口土著种短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)植株生长的影响.结果表明:互花米草的根、茎及叶浸提液对短叶茳芏的不同生长指标具有不同程度的化感作用.互花米草浸提液处理3个月后,根、茎及叶浸提液对短叶茳芏的分蘖数、叶面积均具有一定的抑制作用,但仅叶浸提液对分蘖数和叶面积的抑制作用分别达到显著水平和极显著水平,根及茎浸提液的抑制作用均不显著;茎浸提液对短叶茳芏的株高具有一定的促进作用,根及叶浸提液对短叶茳芏的株高具有一定的抑制作用,但三者的作用强度均未达到显著水平;根浸提液对短叶茳芏的根系活力具有轻微的促进作用,茎及叶浸提液对短叶茳芏的根系活力具有显著抑制作用;根、茎及叶浸提液对短叶茳芏的综合化感效应均表现为抑制作用,根与茎浸提液的综合化感效应相当,均小于叶浸提液的综合化感效应.  相似文献   

Sediment burial stimulates the growth and propagule production of Spartina alterniflora Loisel.     

Zifa Deng  Shuqing An  Congjiao Zhao  Lin Chen  Changfang Zhou  Yingbiao Zhi  Hongli Li 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,76(4):818-826

Spartina alterniflora Loisel., an extensively invasive species on the Chinese coast, is a focus of increasing management concern due to its high expansion rate in estuaries and tidal zone, and the significant damage it causes to native ecosystems. In order to understand the processes and mechanisms of invasion of S. alterniflora in China, the impact of three sediment types (sand, sand–loam mixture and loam) and five buried patterns (unburied, 50% burial of initial plant height, 75% burial of initial plant height, complete burial and repeated burial) on the growth of seedlings or ramets was investigated. Results showed that each of the three factors (sediment types, burial pattern and plant materials) and interactions between/among them, significantly affected height and clonal growth, and biomass accumulation and allocation. Plant height, total biomass and number of new vegetative propagules significantly increased with progressive burial treatments. However, the complete burial treatment resulted in the death of all plant materials, and the maximum values of three parameters were found in the 50% burial or repeated burial treatments. Plant responses were determined by the instantaneous thickness of sediment of each time burial rather than by the total quantity of repeated burial. The growth of S. alterniflora was not shown to be dependent on specific types of sediment in sedimentation environment. In contrast to the unburied control, the proportion of primary tillers produced directly from initial individuals and the ratio between the aboveground and belowground biomass were greater under burial treatments. Seedlings produced more new vegetative propagules than vegetative offspring in all experimental treatments, and the former were apt to produce ramets from rhizomes rather than primary tillers. It is concluded that under various sedimentation environments, the clonal spread efficiency of seedlings was higher than that of vegetative offspring, and there is a positive feedback relationship between sedimentation and the growth of S. alterniflora. Thus, moderate sedimentation may stimulate the invasion of exotic species, S. alterniflora in coastal China.  相似文献   

Stormflow generation involving pipe flow in a zero‐order basin of Peninsular Malaysia     

J. N. Negishi  S. Noguchi  R. C. Sidle  A. D. Ziegler  Abdul Rahim Nik 《水文研究》2007,21(6):789-806

Hydrological responses in a zero‐order basin (ZOB), a portion of whose discharge emerged via preferential flow through soil pipes, were examined over a 2‐year period in Peninsular Malaysia to elucidate primary stormflow generation processes. Silicon (Si) and specific conductance (EC) in various runoff components were also measured to identify their sources. ZOB flow response was dependent on antecedent precipitation amount; runoff increased linearly with precipitation during events >20 mm in relatively wet antecedent moisture conditions. Runoff derived from direct precipitation falling onto saturated areas accounted for <0·2% of total ZOB flow volume during the study period, indicating the predominance of subsurface pathways in ZOB flow. ZOB flow (high EC and low Si) was distinct from perennial baseflow via bedrock seepage (low EC and high Si) 5 m downstream of the ZOB outlet. Pipe flow responded quickly to ZOB flow rate and was characterized by a threshold flow capacity unique to each pipe. Piezometric data and pipe flow records demonstrated that pipes located deeper in the soil initiated first, followed by those at shallower depths; initiation of pipe flow corresponded to shallow groundwater rise above the saprolite‐soil interface. Chemical signatures of pipe flow were similar to each other and to the ZOB flow, suggesting that the sources were well‐mixed soil‐derived shallow groundwater. Based upon the volume of pipe flow during storms, the combined contribution of the pipes monitored accounted for 48% of total ZOB flow during the study period. Our results suggest that shallow groundwater, possibly facilitated by preferential flow accreted above the saprolite–soil interface, provides dominant stormflow, and that soil pipes play an important role in the rapid delivery of solute‐rich water to the stream system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

福建主要港口外轮压舱水生物的分布及其潜在入侵威胁   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨清良  蔡良候  高亚辉  苏展  陈长平  李炳乾  许翠娅  林更铭  郑惠东  项鹏 《海洋湖沼通报》2009,(4)

根据2006～2007年间采自福建省4个主要港口12艘外轮(包括8条集装箱船和4条散货船)的压舱水样品,研究压舱水生物的分布特点,结果表明进入该水域的外来船舶压舱水生物物种丰富度和个体丰度高,共发现浮游植物7门86属240种(包括60种赤潮生物)和浮游动物5门30属52种;经3种网目(20,77,和160μm)筛网收集的不同粒径生物的平均丰度分别为:动物38858.3 ind./m~3(粒径77～160μm)和782.3 ind./m~3(粒径>160μm);植物3625.0 cells./ dm~3(粒径20～77μm)和134.1 cells./dm~3(粒径77～160μm).压舱水生物的分布及生存状态与水样的盐度及水龄相关.初步评估外来压舱水生物排放对福建沿海的潜在入侵风险.  相似文献   

Origins and pathways of the subsurface and intermediate water masses of the Indonesian Throughflow derived from historical and Argo data     

ZHANG Yanhui  YU Xiaolin  WANG Fan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(4):17-25

On the basis of Argo data and historic temperature/salinity data from the World Ocean Database 2001 （ WOD01 ）, origins and spreading pathways of the subsurface and intermediate water masses in the Indonesian Throughflow （ITF） region were discussed by analyzing distributions of salinity on representative isopyenal layers. Results were shown that, subsurface water mostly comes from the North Pacific Ocean while the intermediate water originates from both the North and South Pacific Ocean, even possibly from the Indian Ocean. Spreading through the Sulawesi Sea, the Makassar Strait, and file Flores Sea, the North Pacific subsurface water and the North Pacific Intermediate water dominate the western part of the Indonesian Archipelago. Furthermore as the depth increases, the features of the North Pacific sourced water masses become more obvious. In the eastern part of the waters, high sa- linity South Pacific subsurface water is blocked by a strong salinity front between Halmahera and New Guinea. Intermediate water in the eastern interior region owns salinity higher than the North Pacific intermediate water and the antarctic intermediate water （ AAIW）, possibly coming from the vertical mixing between subsurface water and the AAIW from the Pacific Ocean, and possibly coming from the northward extending of the AAIW from the Indian Ocean as well.  相似文献   

Genome Sequence of a Marine Carotenoid Producing Yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CYJ03     

TANG Wei  WANG Yue  CAI Yali  LIU Shibo  ZHANG Jun  HE Zengguo 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(2):466-472

Carotenoids are valuable pigments that have been widely used in food,pharmaceutical,animal breeding and cosmetics industries.Due to the increasing demand for carotenoids of natural origin,the trend for production of carotenoids by red yeast has become popular.Strain Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CYJ03 was isolated from northern Yellow Sea of China for its carotenoid producing potential.It was found that the whole genome of CYJ03 was 19.03 Mb in size and contained 6301 protein-coding genes including a gene cluster for the carotenoids biosynthesis.The genome sequence would be valuable for exploring the potential biological properties of CYJ03,as well as for facilitating the molecular genetic analysis and the manipulation of carotenoids accumulation in this strain,and for the development of it as an engineered host for carotenoid production.  相似文献   

乡村旅游政策变迁影响路径的组态视角研究——基于黄山案例地的定性比较分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张圆刚  黄业坚  余向洋 《地理科学进展》2021,40(3):457-467

在中国制度背景下,乡村旅游的发展与政策变迁紧密相关。论文采用多变量交互作用的清晰集定性比较分析(csQCA)方法,基于多源流理论探索乡村旅游政策变迁的动力机制,分析由组织/领导变更、乡村规划政策变更、本地文化政策变更、东道主居民参与以及旅游市场舆情组成的乡村旅游政策变迁影响的构型。研究发现：① 单项因素影响中,组织/领导的变更对文旅局层面的旅游政策出台产生了更大的影响力,东道主居民参与在市级政策的出台上产生了更大的影响力,但所有单因素均不构成乡村旅游政策变迁的必要条件;② 在可能形成的32条路径组合中,存在4个充分性条件的特定组合路径影响市级层面的乡村旅游政策变迁,3个充分性条件特定组合路径影响文旅局层面的乡村旅游政策变迁;③ 对于市级旅游政策变迁来说,乡村规划政策变更、旅游市场舆情和东道主居民参与具有同等重要的影响力,旅游部门的领导变更在组合中影响力相对较小;④ 对于文旅局层面的政策变更来说,组织领导变更、乡村规划政策变更、本地文化政策变更具有同等重要的影响力,东道主居民参与和旅游市场舆情在路径中影响较小;⑤ 多源流的政策变迁动力下旅游政策的效应涉及社会民生等多领域。研究可为未来政策研究领域的深入与政策制定提供参照。  相似文献   

互花米草入侵下福建漳江口红树林湿地土壤生态化学变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张祥霖  石盛莉  潘根兴  李恋卿  张旭辉  李志鹏 《地球科学进展》2008,23(9):974-981

采集了福建云霄漳江口米草入侵下红树林自然湿地保护区内红树林群落、米草群落、红树林—米草交互群落以及光滩的剖面土壤样品,分析了土壤的总养分库、有效养分库及微生物活性等指标。结果表明,不同植被群落下土壤理化性质均存在明显差异。土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、阳离子交换量和微生物生物量碳、氮在同一深度的含量变化为：红树林>红树林—米草混作>米草>光滩;土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶等酶活性指标也表现出相似的变化趋势。从深度变化而言,上述各项土壤质量指标均随剖面深度而降低。米草入侵后土壤的各项养分指标均有明显下降,湿地土壤生态化学性质发生了明显的退化。土壤有机碳、土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量以及土壤蔗糖酶与磷酸酶活性对滨海湿地土壤退化的反映最为强烈, 可以作为指示性指标。  相似文献   

南京石膏矿特大突水灾害机理研究     

王光亚  施斌  徐玉琳  顾阿明 《工程地质学报》2008,16(5):651-656

发生于2006年9月11日的南京石膏矿特大突水灾害不仅改变了矿区及外围的地下水流场, 并引发了矿区地面沉降变形, 对地表附属物产生了一定的破坏作用, 造成了包括矿山关闭在内的巨大财产损失。南京石膏矿涉及典型的深部矿山地质工程问题, 影响地下开采稳定、矿山灾害和环境问题的主要因素是矿体及围岩的岩性结构及岩体结构构造, 特别是断裂构造及其影响带裂隙发育情况、富水性、导水率。围岩的岩溶强烈富水带的存在是矿坑突水的直接水源; 矿体的软岩特性、矿山开采扰动使采场周围的应力场重新分布、开采对断裂构造及裂隙带等结构体的活化作用都加剧了突水灾害的发生。  相似文献   

Tectonothermal evolution of the gneiss complex at Salur in the Eastern Ghats Grnaulite Belt of India     

A. K. MUKHOPADHYAY  & A. BHATTACHRYA 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1997,15(6):719-734

Textural relations, thermobarometry and petrogenetic grid considerations in the syn-tectonic granitoid massif and the enveloping metasedimentary gneisses at Salur are consistent with a counter-clockwise P–T –t path for the rocks. The low-P/high-T prograde sector is documented by the pre- to syn-D₁ cordierite±orthopyroxene±garnet±spinel–bearing metatexite leucosomes in metapelites. Heating and loading of the rocks (syn- to post-D₁) resulted in the formation of garnet+orthopyroxene± cordierite-bearing diatexites, and decomposition of cordierite in metatexite leucosomes to orthopyroxene+sillimanite+biotite+quartz symplectites. Near-peak temperature, 850 °C at 8.0 kbar, was reached syn- to post-D₂. Post-peak cooling resulted in the stabilization of coronal grossular and anorthite+calcite symplectites at the expense of scapolite+wollastonite+calcite assemblages in calc-silicate gneisses, and the resetting of cation exchange temperatures at 700–750 °C. Near-isothermal decompression at c. 700–750 °C is manifested by the decomposition of garnet porphyroblasts in the granitoid gneisses to plagioclase+orthopyroxene/ilmenite/biotite two-phase coronas and restabilization of cordierite at garnet margins in metapelites. Subsequent low-P, near-isobaric cooling led to the overprinting of granulite facies assemblages by muscovite+calcite assemblages, and further resetting of cation exchange thermometers to lower temperatures c. 600 °C. The tectonothermal evolution of the Salur gneiss complex vis-a-vis the Eastern Ghats Belt is therefore consistent with high degrees of lower crustal melting, followed by prograde heating of the cover rocks due to magma invasion synchronous with crustal compression, and finally thermal relaxation over a protracted period punctuated by tectonic/erosional denudation of the thickened crust.  相似文献